Comparison of host response biomarkers between patients with pulmonary embolism (n = 10) and those without pulmonary embolism (n =7) revealed higher IL-6 plasma levels and in BALF lower C1-inhibitor activity, lower IL-10 and lower GM-CSF in patients with pulmonary embolism; Supplementary Table 1). Here, CSF2 is linked to pulmonary embolism.