CX3CL1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Also, the concentrations of CX3CL1 were compared between 539 T2DM patients and 510 controls, and the results showed higher concentrations of CX3CL1 in patients with T2DM than in the controls (SMD=1.45; 95% CI: 0.42 - 2.48; Figure 1) but with significant heterogeneity (I2=97%).