To better understand the pattern of signature enrichment in relation to illness duration as a continuous variable GSEA was carried out in the participants with schizophrenia only focused on the correlation of gene expression with illness duration, which highlighted enrichment of the “IFN- γ signature” and “IFN-α signature” amongst the genes with the strongest positive correlation with illness duration (Supplementary Table 2). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is schizophrenia.