In contrast, the overexpression of Ptprd-IR enhances inflammatory response by upregulating TGF-β1-, interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced NF-κB-driven production of pro-inflammatory cytokines but shows no effect on the TGF-β1-induced renal fibrosis (Pu et al., 2020). Here, PTPRD is linked to renal fibrosis.