Fibrotic mediators include angiotensin II (Ang II), reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that may activate individual pathways to crosstalk with TGF-β/Smad signaling to regulate renal fibrosis and inflammation (Chung et al., 2010; Lan, 2011). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and renal fibrosis.