AKT1 and persistent truncus arteriosus: In 4-week TAC hearts in which the axis of Nrf2-angiotensinogen activation is boosted by CR-Atg5KO (Qin et al., 2016), we found that such autophagy inhibition minimally regulated the activities of MAPK p38 and JNK or AKT, but strongly suppressed the activities of ERK (Figure 3A).