An up-regulation of A2ARs was observed in lymphocytes of ALS patients with respect to healthy subjects (Vincenzi et al., 2013), and, at the symptomatic onset, in the spinal cords of SOD1(G93A) mice and end-stage human ALS spinal cords (Ng et al., 2015). The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.