Carnosic acid increased neural cell viability, GSH levels, activation of the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and ARE-luciferase reporter activity, as well as decreased cleaved caspase-3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation, levels of reactive oxygen species, nuclear damage, enhanced JNK phosphorylation, and p38 activation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to 6-OHDA in Parkinson’s disease research (Shahpiri et al., 2016). The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is Parkinson disease.