CASP3 and Parkinson disease: A variety of terpenoids including Δ3,2-hydroxybakuchiol, pedicularioside A, and tenuigenin have shown neuroprotective activity by suppressing apoptotic enzymes (cleaved PARP and caspase-3), preventing dopaminergic neuronal loss, dopamine/norepinephrine uptake in synaptosomes, elevating the number of TH-positive dopaminergic neurons in in vitro and in vivo PD studies (Shahpiri et al., 2016).