TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: Meanwhile, it was well documented that inhibiting TGF-β with neutralizing antibody, antisense oligonucleotides, inhibitors, or genetic deletion of receptors can attenuate renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro, whereas the overexpression of TGF-β1 leads to renal fibrosis (Kopp et al., 1996; Border and Noble, 1998; Moon et al., 2006; Petersen et al., 2008; Meng et al., 2012).