A similar analysis using bulk RNA-seq of pancreatic cancer patients and non-cancer patients revealed that of the 41 ligands that are upregulated in cancerous tissues, four activate or modulate EGFR, including the EGFR ligand TGF-α, and modulators CEACAM1, FGF1, and TFF1 (Wangzhou et al., 2021). Here, EGFR is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.