Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, low dose aspirin, statins, comorbidities (myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, congestive heart disease, chronic pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease, renal disease, peptic ulcer disease and diabetes), and smoking, tamoxife, aromatase inhibitors, hormone replacement therapy. The gene discussed is CYP19A1; the disease is peripheral vascular disease.