Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, low dose aspirin, statins, comorbidities (myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, congestive heart disease, chronic pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease, renal disease, peptic ulcer disease and diabetes), and smoking, tamoxife, aromatase inhibitors, hormone replacement therapy. This evidence concerns the gene CYP19A1 and congestive heart failure.