Programmed death 1 (PD‐1) protein and its ligand PD‐L1 was subsequently discovered6, 7 and shown to have good safety and efficacy in inducing durable tumour regression and prolonged stable disease in patients with advanced cancers including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, renal cell, ovarian, colorectal, pancreatic, gastric and breast cancer.8 The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.