The study population of EMPEROR-Reduced was also categorized by Zannad et al. [23] according to presence or absence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) defined at baseline as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or albumin-to-creatine ratio > 300 mg/g (more than a half of the enrolled participants had CKD). Here, ALB is linked to chronic kidney disease.