Consequently, we concluded that Th17 cell-derived TGF-β1 regulates the stability of Th17 cells and inhibits the pathogenic conversion of Th17 cells into Th1-like exTh17 cells by regulating the expression of IL-12Rβ2 and IL-27Rα during CNS or intestinal inflammation in vivo (Fig. 6). Here, TGFB1 is linked to inflammation.