CD40 and neoplasm: As shown in Fig. 3d, e, nanostring transcription profiling revealed a strikingly altered Sirpα−/− TME shortly after IR, with wide-ranging increases in the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines (IFNα/β/γ, IL-1α/β, IL-12, IL-18, and IL-33), immunogenic antigen presentation co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, OX40, IcosL, GITRL, and CD40), T cell and neutrophil chemokines (CCL19/25/4 and CXCL1/3), as well as other notable molecules essential for tumor immunity (Mx1, IRF1, IRF7, etc.).