With respect to the Parkin-independent mechanisms, Fundc1-induced mitophagy has been reported to be involved in alleviating dietary-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome35, but the role of Bnip3-related mitophagy seems to be unfavorable for high-fat diet-fed mice36. The gene discussed is BNIP3; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.