CPAP and microcephaly: In 2016, Gabriel et al. generated stable iPSCs from microcephaly patient-derived fibroblasts with a deletion of exons 11–13 in CPAP. These patient iPSC-derived BOs exhibit a reduced size, enlarged ventricular lumen, increased number of cilia as well as premature neurogenesis, owing that the mutant CPAP protein caused cilia disassembly, and eventually lead to a delayed cell-cycle re-entry and premature neurogenesis [51].