Based on these observations, we have recently dissected the mechanism of this recurrence in in vitro and in vivo models, showing a panel of inflammatory mediators responsible for enhanced hepatocyte proliferation and HCC recurrence in mouse models exposed to RFA, including STAT3, IL-6, c-MET, COX-2, and heat shock proteins [173–182]. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.