Notably, prolonged IFN signaling during chronic viral infection can promote immunosuppression through multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms, and deletion or blockade of IFNAR1 during chronic LCMV infection can alleviate immunosuppression and enhance long-term viral control (Cheng et al., 2017; Taleb et al., 2017; Teijaro et al., 2013; Wilson et al., 2013). Here, IFNA1 is linked to viral infectious disease.