However, contrasting with these reports, forced expression of the DDR1 receptor was found to inhibit invadopodia formation by mesenchymal (DDR1-negative) and highly invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, while silencing of DDR1 in breast epithelial MCF10DCIS cells promoted collagenolytic invadopodia38. Here, DDR1 is linked to breast cancer.