Tanaka et al. believed that the Arg904Gln gene variation in SLC12A3 could reduce the risk of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [41]; however, other studies have provided evidence supporting the correlation between Arg904Gln variant and the disease development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with T2DM and GS, suggesting that this variant may be a key predictor of end-stage renal disease [42, 43]. This evidence concerns the gene SLC12A3 and stage 5 chronic kidney disease.