TP53 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Additionally, Hwang et al. showed that NOLC1 cooperates with TP53 synergistically to activate a cellular proto-oncogene MDM2, leading to cell growth and impediment of apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma [7, 10], whereas the function and mechanism of NOLC1 in the occurrence of ESCA remain unknown.