Hepatic IR is also deeply interconnected with NAFLD, since studies have shown that IR promotes the progression from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (83), where hepatocyte injury and portal and lobular inflammation are also present, but also that hepatic steatosis and liver injury can interfere with insulin signalling (84). Here, INS is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.