To date, somatic alterations and mutation frequency in driver genes in HCC mainly include TERT (50%–60%), TP53 (12–48%), CTNNB1 (11–35%), AXIN1 (5–15%), ARID1A (4–17%), FGF19 (2–9%) and KEAP1 (2–8%), which are commonly involved in telomere maintenance, cell cycle, wnt/β-catenin, epigenetic modification, AKT/mTOR MAPK signaling pathway and oxidative stress regulation [19]. Here, CTNNB1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.