HMGB1 and stroke disorder: In particular, we found that levels of HMGB1 are significantly higher in diabetic patients with ICAS and unstable plaque, respect to diabetic patients with ICAS and stable plaque (8.19 ± 11.34 ng/mL and 4.35 ± 6.49 ng/mL, p  <  0.001, respectively); moreover, ICAS patients with unstable plaque showed more frequently a history of stroke (61.6%, p  <  0.001).