There is a relative increase in incidence of bladder cancer of 4·1 for path_MLH1 and 8·1 for path_MSH2 carriers. There is also a relative increase in incidence of ureter and kidney cancer of 3·5 for path_MLH1 and 13·7 for path_MSH2 carriers. The gene discussed is MLH1; the disease is urinary bladder cancer.