Previous reports on MMPs and TIMPs in septic or critically ill patients have presented high occurrence of infection foci including 16–57% pneumonia, 4% endocarditis and 27–36% abdominal focus, however, the explicit connection of MMPs and TIMPs or MMP/TIMP molar ratio have not been evaluated in these previous reports [15,26,32]. This evidence concerns the gene TIMP1 and pneumonia.