WNT5A and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: However, the concentration of Wnt5a is elevated in the plasma and epicardial adipose tissue of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and independently associated with the presence of CAD and progression of calcified coronary plaque,86 and adipose tissue–derived Wnt5a in obesity induces arterial oxidative stress and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via activating a new Wnt5a/USP17/RAC1/NADPH oxidases axis.87