URI1 and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 4: With both this patient's genetic testing results, the patient reported in Monfrini et al. in 2018, as well as the cohort of heterozygous pathogenic variants published by Gregory et al. 2019, the evidence is becoming abundantly clear that pathogenic variants in the C19orf2 gene can lead to both autosomal dominant or recessively inherited forms of MPAN.