In that work, mannose-coated polymeric nanoparticles containing mRNAs encoding interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and its activating kinase IKKβ, administered systemically, reverted M2-like TAMs to M1-like TAMs and increased the survival of mice with ovarian cancer, experimental metastasis of melanoma, and glioma, without any observed systemic toxicity. Here, IRF5 is linked to central nervous system cancer.