CD4 and neoplasm: This is important as the TME comprises a variety of immune cells, including tumor-suppressing cells like natural killer (NK) cells, CD4/8+ T-cells, proinflammatory M1 macrophages, dendritic cells and tumor-promoting immune cells e.g., Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs), tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs).