Overall, multiple studies in different populations and diverse ethnicities validated the association between NAFLD and PNPLA3 (Figure 2) (104, 111, 112, 114–116). The PNPLA3 enzyme is found in hepatocytes and adipocytes and plays a role in lipid remodeling in the liver (108, 109, 112, 117). Here, PNPLA3 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.