NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy: Buckley et al. used the TAC method to establish an acute pressure overload model, and their results showed that the expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and TGFbeta [as a late marker of cardiac hypertrophy (Lijnen and Petrov, 1999a; Lijnen and Petrov, 1999b)] in the plasma of WT mice was higher than that in TRPV1-/- mice (Buckley and Stokes, 2011).