CSF2 and metastatic prostate carcinoma: Sipuleucel-T, prepared from autologous DCs loaded with a fusion protein (PA2024) of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), was approved in 2010 to treat metastatic prostate cancer on the basis of a survival benefit (Gardner et al., 2012).