TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: After co-culture with HCC-exo-delivered oe-DLX6-AS1 or sh-DLX6-AS1, M2 macrophages markers CD206, CD163, CCL17 and CCL18 were all increased or decreased while no change was observed in M1 markers TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β (Fig. 4f, g; 5c, d; Supplementary Figure).