CRP and liver disorder: CRP > 30 mg/dL and serum lactate > 18 mg/dL were assigned the highest score of 4 points; serum creatinine ≥ 1.6 mg/dL and comorbid liver disease were assigned the score of 3 points; and WBC count > 15 × 104/uL, hemoglobin < 11 g/dL, and blood glucose ≥ 180 mg/dL were assigned the score of 2 points.