CCL3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Concomitantly, markers of endothelial dysfunction correlated with cytokines levels of the Th1 immune orientation (IFNγ, TNFα), inflammation (IL-17a, MIP1α, G-CSF, TNFα, MIP1β, and IFNγ), and/or M1 activation (IL-6, IFNγ, TNFα, IP10, MIP1α, and MCP1), mostly in patients with obesity (Fig 5B).