Up to now, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 5 monoclonal antibodies against PD-1 or PD-L1 for the treatment of various advanced tumors, including melanoma (Bhatnagar et al., 2017), non-small cell lung cancer (Kazandjian et al., 2016), squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (Larkins et al., 2017), classic Hodgkin lymphoma (Kasamon et al., 2017), urothelial cancer (Ning et al., 2017), hepatocellular carcinoma (Bhatnagar et al., 2017), merkel cell carcinoma (Kim, 2017), renal cell carcinoma (Xu et al., 2017), and colorectal cancer (Sclafani, 2017). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and melanoma.