Indeed, a characteristic bite-associated severe infection was observed in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, which lack T and B cells, whereas conventional Th1 or Th2 cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ, IL-4) were barely present after mosquito biting of naive wild-type mice in the absence of virus infection [54]. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is viral infectious disease.