In the TCGA dataset including ccRCC (n = 534), pRCC (n = 288) and chRCC (n = 65), Gal3ST1 showed differential mRNA expression between the selected histological entities, with strongest expression in ccRCC and lowest in chRCC (p < 2.22e−16 between each RCC histotype, Fig. 3a). This evidence concerns the gene PRCC and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.