ACE and acute kidney injury: Similarly, a pooled analysis based on two studies found that ACE inhibitors (two studies; OR 1.38; 95%CI, 0.92–2.07; Table 5) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (two studies; OR 0.98; 95%CI, 0.91–1.06; Table 5) were not associated with increased risk of AKI in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.