ESR1 and gastric cancer: Contrary to ERα, ERβ expression is associated with lower tumor stage, intestinal type, and free of recurrence.[17,23] Another study demonstrated the absence of ERβ as an independent factor for poor OS, indicating the suppressive effect of ERβ on GC progression.[21] These results suggest that ERα and ERβ have distinct effects on GC progression and that distinguishing ER subtype is essential.