This regulatory mechanism that protects the brain from the effects of malnutrition is likely conserved in mammals, since mammalian Glut1 is also upregulated in the BBB upon hypoglycemia and has been shown to be induced by TGF-β signaling in other tissues (Boado and Pardridge, 1993; Kumagai et al., 1995; Simpson et al., 1999; Lee et al., 2018). Here, TGFB1 is linked to Hypoglycemia.