Hsa-miR-579-3p has previously been shown to be downregulated in exosomes secreted by prostate cancer cells under hypoxic conditions, and is otherwise implicated in tumorigenesis in multiple other cell types via modulation of oncogenic kinase signaling pathways, such as PI3K, BRAF, RAS, and AKT37–40. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and Familial prostate cancer.