A growing understanding of cancer molecular complexity and the role of oncogenic drivers such as mutations in genes encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), V-Ki-Ras2 Kirsten Rat Sarcoma 2 (KRAS), (MET) and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) genes have ushered in the era of targeted therapies. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and cancer.