NF1 and Lisch nodules: In 1987, the formal diagnostic criteria were published by the National Institutes of Health (panel): (1) The maximum diameter of 6 or more milky coffee spots was more than 5 mm before puberty and more than 15 mm after puberty; (2) 2 or more neurofibromas of any type or 1 plexiform neurofibroma; (3) Brown freckles in armpit or groin; (4) Optic glioma; (5) Two or more Lisch nodules, namely iris hamartoma; (6) Obvious bone lesions: such as sphenoid dysplasia, long tubular bone cortex thin, with pseudojoint formation; (7) NF1 was confirmed in the first degree relatives.