While multiple intratumoral cell subsets express CCR5 (Fig. 5a; Additional file 1, Figure S8) [27, 28], intratumorally administering recombinant CCL5 to s.c. MC38 tumors resulted in an increased frequency of CD8+ T cells in the tumor that were CCR5 positive 12 days after starting dosing (p = 0.03; Fig. 5a, b; Additional file 1, Figure S8), though no significant difference was seen for total CD8+ T cells (Fig. 5a). Here, CCR5 is linked to neoplasm.