Only three genes involved in inflammation, TNFα, IL6 and IRF5 (mean of 2.5–3 Fc for each of them), were found slightly upregulated at 2 dpi, while the levels of expression of other critical pro-inflammatory factors, such as the cytokines IL8, IL1β, the adaptor PYCARD and the PRRs NLRP3, were marginally or not affected by the infection (Figs 3A and S4A and Sheet C in S2 Table). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.