Knockout studies of USF1 in mice have been shown to enhance cholesterol efflux in macrophages and downregulate secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as MCP-1 and IL-1β (Ruuth et al., 2018) and USF1 variants in humans have been associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia and coronary artery disease (Fan et al., 2014; Laurila et al., 2016; Ruuth et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene USF1 and Combined hyperlipidemia.