TNF and hydrops fetalis: Some receptor-mediated signaling pathways (natriuretic peptides, mediators of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and ERK1/2 pathways, beta adrenergic receptor subtypes, relaxin receptor signaling, TNF/TNF receptor family, TWEAK/Fn14 axis, and micro-RNAs) may represent targets for emerging therapies in HF treatment (77).