PPARG and atherosclerosis: Curcumin, an active ingredient in curcuma rhizomes, inhibits M1 macrophage polarization and the production of pro-inflammatory factors via TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathways, and induces M2 macrophage polarization via activating PPARγ, contributing to an anti-atherosclerosis effect (Zhou et al., 2015; Momtazi-Borojeni et al., 2019).